The Congress
shall have Power
To lay
and collect Taxes,
Duties,
Imposts
and Excises,
to pay the Debts
and provide for
the common Defence
and general Welfare
of the United States;
but all Duties,
Imposts
and Excises
shall be uniform
throughout the United States;
To borrow Money
on the credit
of the United States;
To regulate
Commerce
with foreign Nations,
and among
the several States,
and with
the Indian Tribes;
To establish
an uniform Rule
of Naturalization,
and uniform Laws
on the subject
of Bankruptcies
throughout the United States;
To coin Money,
regulate
the Value thereof,
and
of foreign Coin,
and fix
the Standard
of Weights
and Measures;
To provide
for the Punishment
of counterfeiting
the Securities
and current Coin
of the United States;
To establish Post Offices
and post Roads;
To promote
the Progress
of Science
and useful Arts,
by securing
for limited Times
to Authors
and Inventors
the exclusive Right
to their respective Writings
and Discoveries;
To constitute
Tribunals
inferior to
the supreme Court;
To define and punish Piracies
and Felonies
committed
on the high Seas,
and Offences
against the Law
of Nations;
To declare War,
grant Letters
of Marque and Reprisal,
and make Rules
concerning Captures
on Land and Water;
To raise
and support Armies,
but no Appropriation
of Money
to that Use
shall be
for a longer Term
than two Years;
To provide and maintain
a Navy;
To make Rules
for the Government
and Regulation
of the land
and naval Forces;
To provide
for calling forth
the Militia
to execute
the Laws of the Union,
suppress Insurrections
and repel Invasions;
To provide
for organizing,
arming,
and disciplining,
the Militia,
and
for governing
such Part of them
as may be employed
in the Service
of the United States,
reserving
to the States respectively,
the Appointment
of the Officers,
and the Authority
of training the Militia
according to
the discipline
prescribed by Congress;
To exercise
exclusive Legislation
in all Cases whatsoever,
over such District
(not exceeding
ten Miles square)
as may,
by Cession
of particular States,
and the Acceptance
of Congress,
become the Seat
of the Government
of the United States,
and to exercise
like Authority
over all Places
purchased
by the Consent
of the Legislature
of the State
in which
the Same shall be,
for the Erection
of Forts, Magazines,
Arsenals, dock-Yards,
and other needful Buildings;
-- And
To make all Laws
which shall be
necessary and proper
for carrying
into Execution
the foregoing Powers,
and all other Powers
vested
by this Constitution
in the Government
of the United States,
or in any Department
or Officer thereof.
The Migration
or Importation
of such Persons
as any of the States
now existing
shall think proper
to admit,
shall not be prohibited
by the Congress
prior to the Year
one thousand eight hundred
and eight,
but a Tax or duty
may be imposed
on such Importation,
not exceeding
ten dollars
for each Person.7
[7. Temporary provision.]
The Privilege
of the Writ
of Habeas Corpus
shall not be suspended,
unless
when in Cases
of Rebellion or Invasion
the public Safety
may require it.
No Bill of Attainder
or ex post facto Law
shall be passed.
No Capitation,
or other direct, Tax
shall be laid,
unless
in Proportion
to the Census
or Enumeration
herein
before directed
to be taken.8
[8. Modified by Sixteenth Amendment.]
No Tax or Duty
shall be laid
on Articles
exported
from any State.
No Preference
shall be given
by any Regulation
of Commerce
or Revenue
to the Ports
of one State
over those of another;
nor shall Vessels
bound to, or from,
one State,
be obliged to enter,
clear,
or pay Duties in another.
No Money
shall be drawn
from the Treasury,
but
in Consequence
of Appropriations
made by Law;
and a regular Statement
and Account
of the Receipts
and Expenditures
of all public Money
shall be published
from time to time.
No Title of Nobility
shall be granted
by the United States:
And no Person
holding any Office
of Profit or Trust
under them,
shall,
without the Consent
of the Congress,
accept
of any present,
Emolument,
Office, or Title,
of any kind whatever,
from any King, Prince,
or foreign State.
No State
shall enter into
any Treaty, Alliance,
or Confederation;
grant Letters
of Marque and Reprisal;
coin Money;
emit Bills of Credit;
make any Thing
but gold and silver Coin
a Tender
in Payment of Debts;
pass any Bill
of Attainder,
ex post facto Law,
or Law
impairing
the Obligation of Contracts,
or grant
any Title of Nobility.
No State shall,
without the Consent
of the Congress,
lay any Imposts
or Duties
on Imports
or Exports,
except
what may be
absolutely necessary
for executing
its inspection Laws:
and the net Produce
of all Duties
and Imposts,
laid by any State
on Imports
or Exports,
shall be
for the Use
of the Treasury
of the United States;
and all such Laws
shall be subject
to the Revision
and Control
of the Congress.
No State shall,
without the Consent
of Congress,
lay any Duty
of Tonnage,
keep Troops,
or Ships of War
in time of Peace,
enter
into any Agreement
or Compact
with another State,
or with a foreign Power,
or engage in War,
unless actually invaded,
or in such
imminent Danger
as will not admit of delay.